Detection: O365 Exfiltration via File Download

Updated Date: 2024-10-14 ID: 06b23921-bfe2-4576-89dd-616f06e129da Author: Steven Dick Type: Anomaly Product: Splunk Enterprise Security

Description

The following analytic detects when an excessive number of files are downloaded from o365 by the same user over a short period of time. O365 may bundle these files together as a ZIP file, however each file will have it's own download event. This behavior may indicate an attacker staging data for exfiltration or an insider threat removing organizational data. Additional attention should be taken with any Azure Guest (#EXT#) accounts.

 1`o365_management_activity` Operation IN ("filedownloaded") 
 2
 3| eval user = replace(mvindex(split(lower(UserId),"#ext#"),0),"_","@"), user_flat = replace(UserId, "[^A-Za-z0-9]","_")
 4
 5| stats values(user) as user, latest(ClientIP) as src values(ZipFileName) as file_name, values(Operation) as signature, values(UserAgent) as http_user_agent, dc(SourceFileName) as count, min(_time) as firstTime, max(_time) as lastTime by Workload,UserId,SiteUrl
 6
 7| rename SiteUrl as file_path,Workload as app
 8
 9| where count > 50
10
11| `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` 
12
13| `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
14
15| `o365_exfiltration_via_file_download_filter`

Data Source

No data sources specified for this detection.

Macros Used

Name Value
o365_management_activity sourcetype=o365:management:activity
o365_exfiltration_via_file_download_filter search *
o365_exfiltration_via_file_download_filter is an empty macro by default. It allows the user to filter out any results (false positives) without editing the SPL.

Annotations

- MITRE ATT&CK
+ Kill Chain Phases
+ NIST
+ CIS
- Threat Actors
ID Technique Tactic
T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service Exfiltration
T1530 Data from Cloud Storage Collection
Actions on Objectives
Exploitation
DE.AE
CIS 10

Default Configuration

This detection is configured by default in Splunk Enterprise Security to run with the following settings:

Setting Value
Disabled true
Cron Schedule 0 * * * *
Earliest Time -70m@m
Latest Time -10m@m
Schedule Window auto
Creates Risk Event True
This configuration file applies to all detections of type anomaly. These detections will use Risk Based Alerting.

Implementation

You must install the Splunk Microsoft Office 365 Add-on and ingest Office 365 management activity events.

Known False Positives

It is possible that certain file download scenarios may trigger this alert, specifically OneDrive syncing. Adjust threshold and filtering as needed.

Associated Analytic Story

Risk Based Analytics (RBA)

Risk Message:

The user $user$ downloaded an excessive number of files [$count$] from $file_path$ using $src$

Risk Object Risk Object Type Risk Score Threat Objects
user user 25 src

References

Detection Testing

Test Type Status Dataset Source Sourcetype
Validation ✅ Passing N/A N/A N/A
Unit ✅ Passing Dataset o365 o365:management:activity
Integration ✅ Passing Dataset o365 o365:management:activity

Replay any dataset to Splunk Enterprise by using our replay.py tool or the UI. Alternatively you can replay a dataset into a Splunk Attack Range

Source: GitHub | Version: 1