:warning: THIS IS A EXPERIMENTAL DETECTION

This detection has been marked experimental by the Splunk Threat Research team. This means we have not been able to test, simulate, or build datasets for this detection. Use at your own risk. This analytic is NOT supported.

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Description

The following analytic identifies shell activity within the Kubernetes privilege scope on a worker node. It leverages process metrics from an OTEL collector hostmetrics receiver, specifically process.cpu.utilization and process.memory.utilization, pulled from Splunk Observability Cloud. This activity is significant as unauthorized shell processes can indicate potential security threats, providing attackers an entry point to compromise the node and the entire Kubernetes cluster. If confirmed malicious, this activity could lead to data theft, service disruption, privilege escalation, lateral movement, and further attacks, severely compromising the cluster's security and integrity.

  • Type: Anomaly

  • Product: Splunk Enterprise, Splunk Enterprise Security, Splunk Cloud

  • Last Updated: 2024-05-25
  • Author: Matthew Moore, Splunk
  • ID: efebf0c4-dcf4-496f-85a2-5ab7ad8fa876

Annotations

ATT&CK

ATT&CK

ID Technique Tactic
T1204 User Execution Execution
Kill Chain Phase
  • Installation
NIST
  • DE.AE
CIS20
  • CIS 13
CVE 


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| mstats avg(process.cpu.utilization) as process.cpu.utilization avg(process.memory.utilization) as process.memory.utilization where `kubernetes_metrics` AND process.executable.name IN ("sh","bash","csh", "tcsh") by host.name k8s.cluster.name k8s.node.name process.pid process.executable.name span=10s 
| search process.cpu.utilization>0 OR process.memory.utilization>0 
| stats avg(process.cpu.utilization) as process.cpu.utilization avg(process.memory.utilization) as process.memory.utilization by host.name k8s.cluster.name k8s.node.name process.pid process.executable.name 
| rename host.name as host 
| `kubernetes_shell_running_on_worker_node_filter`

Macros

The SPL above uses the following Macros:

:information_source: kubernetes_shell_running_on_worker_node_filter is a empty macro by default. It allows the user to filter out any results (false positives) without editing the SPL.

Required fields

List of fields required to use this analytic.

  • process.cpu.utilization
  • process.memory.utilization
  • process.executable.name
  • host.name
  • k8s.cluster.name
  • k8s.node.name
  • process.pid

How To Implement

To implement this detection, follow these steps:

  • Deploy the OpenTelemetry Collector (OTEL) to your Kubernetes cluster.
  • Enable the hostmetrics/process receiver in the OTEL configuration.
  • Ensure that the process metrics, specifically Process.cpu.utilization and process.memory.utilization, are enabled.
  • Install the Splunk Infrastructure Monitoring (SIM) add-on. (ref: https://splunkbase.splunk.com/app/5247)
  • Configure the SIM add-on with your Observability Cloud Organization ID and Access Token.
  • Set up the SIM modular input to ingest Process Metrics. Name this input "sim_process_metrics_to_metrics_index".
  • In the SIM configuration, set the Organization ID to your Observability Cloud Organization ID.
  • Set the Signal Flow Program to the following: data('process.threads').publish(label='A'); data('process.cpu.utilization').publish(label='B'); data('process.cpu.time').publish(label='C'); data('process.disk.io').publish(label='D'); data('process.memory.usage').publish(label='E'); data('process.memory.virtual').publish(label='F'); data('process.memory.utilization').publish(label='G'); data('process.cpu.utilization').publish(label='H'); data('process.disk.operations').publish(label='I'); data('process.handles').publish(label='J'); data('process.threads').publish(label='K')
  • Set the Metric Resolution to 10000.
  • Leave all other settings at their default values.
  • Run the Search Baseline Of Kubernetes Container Network IO Ratio

    Known False Positives

    unknown

Associated Analytic Story

RBA

Risk Score Impact Confidence Message
25.0 50 50 Kubernetes shell running on worker node on host $host$

:information_source: The Risk Score is calculated by the following formula: Risk Score = (Impact * Confidence/100). Initial Confidence and Impact is set by the analytic author.

Reference

Test Dataset

Replay any dataset to Splunk Enterprise by using our replay.py tool or the UI. Alternatively you can replay a dataset into a Splunk Attack Range

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