PowerShell Domain Enumeration

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Description

The following analytic utilizes PowerShell Script Block Logging (EventCode=4104) to identify suspicious PowerShell execution. Script Block Logging captures the command sent to PowerShell, the full command to be executed. Upon enabling, logs will output to Windows event logs. Dependent upon volume, enable on critical endpoints or all.
This analytic identifies specific PowerShell modules typically used to enumerate an organizations domain or users.
During triage, review parallel processes using an EDR product or 4688 events. It will be important to understand the timeline of events around this activity. Review the entire logged PowerShell script block.

• Type: TTP

• Product: Splunk Enterprise, Splunk Enterprise Security, Splunk Cloud

• Last Updated: 2023-04-14
• Author: Michael Haag, Splunk
• ID: e1866ce2-ca22-11eb-8e44-acde48001122

Annotations

ATT&CK

ATT&CK

ID	Technique	Tactic
T1059	Command and Scripting Interpreter	Execution

T1059.001

PowerShell

Execution

Kill Chain Phase

• Installation

NIST

• DE.CM

CIS20

• CIS 10

CVE

Search

`powershell` EventCode=4104 ScriptBlockText IN (*get-netdomaintrust*, *get-netforesttrust*, *get-addomain*, *get-adgroupmember*, *get-domainuser*) 
| stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime by Computer EventCode ScriptBlockText UserID 
| rename Computer as dest 
| rename UserID as user 
| `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` 
| `security_content_ctime(lastTime)` 
| `powershell_domain_enumeration_filter`

Macros

The SPL above uses the following Macros:

• powershell
• security_content_ctime

powershell_domain_enumeration_filter is a empty macro by default. It allows the user to filter out any results (false positives) without editing the SPL.

Required fields

List of fields required to use this analytic.

• _time
• ScriptBlockText
• Opcode
• Computer
• UserID
• EventCode

How To Implement

To successfully implement this analytic, you will need to enable PowerShell Script Block Logging on some or all endpoints. Additional setup here https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/UBA/5.0.4.1/GetDataIn/AddPowerShell#Configure_module_logging_for_PowerShell.

Known False Positives

It is possible there will be false positives, filter as needed.

Associated Analytic Story

• Malicious PowerShell
• Hermetic Wiper
• Data Destruction

RBA

Risk Score	Impact	Confidence	Message
42.0	60	70	A suspicious powershell script contains domain enumeration command in $ScriptBlockText$ with EventCode $EventCode$ in host $dest$

The Risk Score is calculated by the following formula: Risk Score = (Impact * Confidence/100). Initial Confidence and Impact is set by the analytic author.

Reference

• https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/UBA/5.0.4.1/GetDataIn/AddPowerShell#Configure_module_logging_for_PowerShell.
• https://blog.palantir.com/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63
• https://static1.squarespace.com/static/552092d5e4b0661088167e5c/t/59c1814829f18782e24f1fe2/1505853768977/Windows+PowerShell+Logging+Cheat+Sheet+ver+Sept+2017+v2.1.pdf
• https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/investigating-powershell-command-and-script-logging/
• https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/hunting-for-malicious-powershell-using-script-block-logging.html

Test Dataset

Replay any dataset to Splunk Enterprise by using our replay.py tool or the UI. Alternatively you can replay a dataset into a Splunk Attack Range

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