Detection: VMware Workspace ONE Freemarker Server-side Template Injection

Updated Date: 2024-05-19 ID: 9e5726fe-8fde-460e-bd74-cddcf6c86113 Author: Michael Haag, Splunk Type: Anomaly Product: Splunk Enterprise Security

Description

The following analytic detects server-side template injection attempts related to CVE-2022-22954 in VMware Workspace ONE. It leverages web or proxy logs to identify HTTP GET requests to the endpoint catalog-portal/ui/oauth/verify with the freemarker.template.utility.Execute command. This activity is significant as it indicates potential exploitation attempts that could lead to remote code execution. If confirmed malicious, an attacker could execute arbitrary commands on the server, leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or further lateral movement within the network.

Search

1
2| tstats count from datamodel=Web where Web.http_method IN ("GET") Web.url="*/catalog-portal/ui/oauth/verify?error=&deviceudid=*" AND Web.url="*freemarker.template.utility.Execute*" by Web.http_user_agent Web.http_method, Web.url,Web.url_length Web.src, Web.dest sourcetype 
3| `drop_dm_object_name("Web")` 
4| `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` 
5| `security_content_ctime(lastTime)` 
6| `vmware_workspace_one_freemarker_server_side_template_injection_filter`

Data Source

Name	Platform	Sourcetype	Source	Supported App
Palo Alto Network Threat	Network	`'pan:threat'`	`'pan:threat'`	N/A

Macros Used

Name	Value
security_content_ctime	`convert timeformat="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" ctime($field$)`
vmware_workspace_one_freemarker_server_side_template_injection_filter	`search *`

vmware_workspace_one_freemarker_server_side_template_injection_filter is an empty macro by default. It allows the user to filter out any results (false positives) without editing the SPL.

Annotations

- MITRE ATT&CK

+ Kill Chain Phases

+ NIST

+ CIS

- Threat Actors

ID	Technique	Tactic
T1190	Exploit Public-Facing Application	Initial Access
T1133	External Remote Services	Initial Access

KillChainPhase.DELIVERY

KillChainPhase.INSTALLATION

NistCategory.DE_AE

Cis18Value.CIS_13

APT28

APT29

APT39

APT41

APT5

Axiom

BackdoorDiplomacy

BlackTech

Blue Mockingbird

Cinnamon Tempest

Dragonfly

Earth Lusca

FIN13

FIN7

Fox Kitten

GALLIUM

GOLD SOUTHFIELD

HAFNIUM

Ke3chang

Kimsuky

Magic Hound

Moses Staff

MuddyWater

Rocke

Sandworm Team

Threat Group-3390

ToddyCat

Volatile Cedar

Volt Typhoon

menuPass

APT18

APT28

APT29

APT41

Akira

Chimera

Dragonfly

FIN13

FIN5

GALLIUM

GOLD SOUTHFIELD

Ke3chang

Kimsuky

LAPSUS$

Leviathan

OilRig

Sandworm Team

Scattered Spider

TeamTNT

Threat Group-3390

Wizard Spider

Default Configuration

This detection is configured by default in Splunk Enterprise Security to run with the following settings:

Setting	Value
Disabled	true
Cron Schedule	`0 * * * *`
Earliest Time	`-70m@m`
Latest Time	`-10m@m`
Schedule Window	`auto`
Creates Risk Event	True

This configuration file applies to all detections of type anomaly. These detections will use Risk Based Alerting.

Implementation

To successfully implement this search, you need to be ingesting web or proxy logs, or ensure it is being filled by a proxy like device, into the Web Datamodel. For additional filtering, allow list private IP space or restrict by known good.

Known False Positives

False positives may be present if the activity is blocked or was not successful. Filter known vulnerablity scanners. Filter as needed.

Associated Analytic Story

VMware Server Side Injection and Privilege Escalation

Risk Based Analytics (RBA)

Risk Message	Risk Score	Impact	Confidence
An attempt to exploit a VMware Server Side Injection CVE-2022-22954 on $dest$ has occurred.	49	70	70

The Risk Score is calculated by the following formula: Risk Score = (Impact * Confidence/100). Initial Confidence and Impact is set by the analytic author.

References

Detection Testing

Test Type	Status	Dataset	Source	Sourcetype
Validation	✅ Passing	N/A	N/A	N/A
Unit	✅ Passing	Dataset	`pan:threat`	`pan:threat`
Integration	✅ Passing	Dataset	`pan:threat`	`pan:threat`

Replay any dataset to Splunk Enterprise by using our replay.py tool or the UI. Alternatively you can replay a dataset into a Splunk Attack Range

Source: GitHub | Version: 2